Protector for permanent wave treatments



Mardi 22,1938. p, ALBERT ET AL 2,111,539

PROTECTOR FOR PERMANENT WAVE TREATMENTS Filed Sept. l5, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Zeyefafams March 22, 1938. P. ALBERT ET AL 2,111,539Y

PROTECTOR FOR PERMANENT WAVE TBEATMENTS Filed Sept. 13, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Zkyefans Patented Mar. 22, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PROTECTOR FOR PERMANENT WAVE TREATMENTS Pierre Albert and Gustar Wickstrom, Evanston, Ill.

Application September 13, 1935, Serial No. 40,440

6 Claims. (Cl. 132-33) Our invention relates to a protector for per- Referring to the drawings, we illustrate a promanent waves, for example, the Croquignole pertector which includes two hinged members, genmanent wave. One purpose is the provision of erally indicated as I, 2, which are hinged as at a protector which shall be convenient and safe to 3 by any suitable hinge structure of sufilcient use, which shall firmly hold the hair and prestrength to hold the members I and 2 in their vent dragging on the scalp or hair roots when normal plane in relation to each other when the hair is being wound up in the curler and they are moved into open position. Each of which shall also protect the scalp from heat. the members I, 2 includes an upper block or Another object is the provision of improved surface 4, la, which may be of any suitable l means for increasing the clamping effect upon metal, for example, aluminum, steel orI the like, 10

the hair, near the base of the hair, whereby any or any other suitable material. It will be 0bpull or drag on the hair roots or scalp is preserved that the hinge 3 projects outwardly somevented. Another object is the provision of imwhat and tends to separate the blocks I and 4a at proved means for locking the protector in place one end and any suitable abutment 6 may be emagainst the hair. Another object is the provision ployed to space them apart at the other. I eml of improved means for centering the hair in the ploy any suitable clamping means which may inprotector, in such fashion that the particular lock clude an abutment 1, a link or loop 8, a lever 9 of hair which passes through the protector is conto which said loop is pivoted, an abutment II) to centrated or gathered at a generally central which said lever is pivoted and a manually oppoint, for ease in winding upon the curler. Anerable handle portion II associated with said other object is the provision of improved means lever. It will be observed that when the hand 20 for securing the curler in relation to the protecportion II is moved into the locking position and tor. Other objects will appear from time to time the blocks 4 and 4a are secured together at each in the course of the specication and claims. end there is still a substantial zone of separa- We illustrate our invention more or less 'diation between the intermediate portions thereof. 25 grammatically in the accompanying drawings, Associated with each of the upper blocks I, 4a, whereinis a lower block or member I2, I2a preferably of Figure 1 is a plan view of the device in open a flexible compres'sible material, for example rubposition with parts broken away and parts in ber or sponge rubber. It will be observed that section; the layer of rubber projects inwardly somewhat 30 Figure 2 is a plan View illustrating the protecbeyond the layer of metal of the blocks 4, la, and tor in closed position; is provided with a tongue or face upwardly ex- Figure 3 is a plan View of the curler; tending into the separating aperture between Figure 4 is a side elevation of the protector the two blocks 4, 4a. This provides opposed lips 3.3 with the curler in relative position; of rubber indicated as at I3, I3a, which are prei- 35 Figure 5 is a section on the line 5 5 of Figerably of such thickness that, when the locking ure 4; means above described is in locking position the Figure 6 is an enlarged section on the line 6--6 opposed edges of the members 4, 4a clamp and of Figure 4; compress very strongly the rubber lips I3, I3a,

fill Figure 'l is a partial section taken on the line whereby the hair is very firmly gripped between 40 1 1 of Figure 1; the two, when the protector is clamped about Figure 8 is a horizontal section through a varthe base of a lock of hair.

iant form; In order to increase this pressure where neces- Figure 9 is a section on the line 9--9 of Figsary I may set into one of the flexible blocks, for

ure 8; example, the block |211., an abutment or pressure 45 Figure 10 is a section on the line I0--I0 of Figor thrust member I5 which may be in the form ure 9, showing a curler also in place and a heatof a bar of some length. This member I5 has ing element; opposed to it a thrusting screw I6 which is screw- Figure 11 is a View of an improved curler; threaded into the block la and which is adapted,

Figure 12 is a plan view of the curler shown in in response to rotation, to exert a thrust 50 Figure 11; against the member I5, whereby a further com- Figure 13 is a section on the line I3--I3 of Figpression results independent of and additional ure 12. to the compression caused by the actuation of Y' Like parts are indicated by like symbols the normal locking means. It is highly importhroughout the specification and drawings. tant that the hair be firmly gripped and this 55 additional gripping means permits an exceedingly rm grip and is of course independent of any unintended loosening which may result from wear of the hinges or of the locking means or of the rubber lips I3, Ila. It will be understood that these rubber blocks may be formed as single integral pieces, including the lips Il. Ila, and that the abutment I5 may be integrally associated with one of these blocks, for example, by being molded therewith when the block is formed. If desired, the blocks I2, I2a, may be made readily removable from the upper blocks 4, 4a, or they may be cemented permanently thereto.

'I'hey are provided with opposed apertures or slots generally indicated as I1, through which pass cam or guide members I8, a pair of which project inwardly from the inner faces of each of the blocks 4, 4a. These members Il have inclined inner edges Ila which serve to gather the hair of the lock and thrust it into a more or less central position of the protector. It is preferable to wind a generally round lock about the below described curler and a concentration of the hair in the protector is therefore desirable and is readily obtained by the camming action of the edges I 8a of the members I8, as the protector members I, 2, are moved into closing position.

We may employ any suitable heat insulation means to protect the scalp from the application of heat to the hair above the protector. We may employ, for example, insulating pads Il of felt or any other suitable fibrous material or of any material effective to limit or radically reduce heat transmission. It will be understood, of course, that the same result might be obtained by the employment of air spaces.

Assuming that the protector is locked in position as above described and the necessary compression applied to the roots of the hair, the lock of hair is then wound on any suitable curler. We illustrate, for example, a curler spool 20 with a pin at one end having a head shaped identically with the head of the screw I8. We may then employ any suitable key I0 having a socket which will take the head of either of these two members. It will be observed that at one end of the curler 2U is a squared abutment member 2i which is connected with the curler 20 by any suitable overrunning clutch, the detalls of which form'no part of the present invention, whereby the curler body may be turned in one direction in relation to the squared member 2i, but not in the other. 22 is any suitable initial clamping member which conforms in shape to the curler 2li and which is hinged thereto at one end as at 23. In order to mount the curler on the protector we provide a pair of ears at one end of the protector indicated at 24. This is in the form oi a single piece at the hinge end of the device.` This member 24 has opposed upstanding ears 25 separated by a space 28 ofthe right separation to receive the squared member 2I oi' the curler. At the opposite end of each of the individual blocks 4, 4a is an upstanding ear 21. When the device is in closed position these ears are separated a suilicient distance to permit the passage therethrough of the key receiving projection 2l oi the curler. It will be understood that the curler, upon being applied to a lock of hair, is rotated until the lock is entirely wound thereabout and this rotation is continued until the hair is wound as tightly as is desired. The lock of hair cannot slip in relation to the protector and it is simply wound in to the desired tightness until the curler.

and the hair are in the position in which they are shown in Figure 6.

It will be realized that whereas we have described and shown a practical and operative device, nevertheless many changes may be made in the size, shape, number and disposition of parts without departing from the spirit of,our invention. We wish our drawings and description, therefore, to be taken as in a broad sense illustrative and diagrammatic rather than as limiting us to our particular showing. In particular, it will be understood that a wide variety of materials may be employed, for gripping the hair and for protecting the scalp. Sponge rubber is a very emcient sealing means for protecting the scalp by preventing steam and heat from reaching it. Other compressible or ilexible materials may be employed for gripping the hair and any suitable heat insulating means for protecting the scalp. 'I'he particular location of the abutment 6 for protecting a supplemental thrust against the hair may also be widely varied. In the place of the screw I6 we might use any suitable wedge or device for causing such a supplemental thrust. Furthermore, the faces of the rubber lips Il, Ila may be corruga:ed as shown in Figures 5 and 8 to increase the gripping force of the protector. Whereas we have shown but a single such screw, two or more might be employed. Where we have shown such screw on one side only of the protector, it will be understood that they might be employed on opposite sides.

As an example oi possible changes we illustrate in Figure 8 a variant form of applying pres sure to the bar I5 in the form of a wedge member Il and pivoted as at I2 within a socket or aperture 33. 34 is a rod pivoted to the member 2 as at 35. It includes a screwthreaded portion Il which passes through a pivoted bearing 31. It may terminate in a terminal outside end at u. It is shown in the drawings as knurled but it will be realized that it may be squared or he'xed to receive the key IB shown ure 3. 'I'he form of Figures 8 and 9 has the advantage of being located at or beyond the end of the device so that it will not in any way interfere with the heating members 40 shown in Figure l0. These heating members 40, pivoted together as at 4I, and provided with any suitable electric'conductors 42 have internal resistance elements not herein shown in detail. understood that the heaters are in eiIect a spring clamp, any suitable yielding means' being employed, not herein shown, for urging the members 40 into the position they are shown in Figure l0 about one of the curlers 20, and about the hair curled about such curler. Since a spring clip is employed it is important that vno parts extend upwardly above the surface of the members 4, 4a, except at the very ends of the device where mounting means for the curler 20 have to be provided in the form of the ears 2l, and 21. It will be observed, as in Figure 2, that the locking means are entirely positioned along the end in such position as not in any way to interfere with the application or removal of the heating members 4II.

We illustrate in Figures l1 to 13 an improved type of curler. 'Ihe body il is provided with l knurled portion II at its area of minimum diameter. It is also provided with knurled portions l2 at the ends thereof. 'I'he clamping arm Il is recessed into the curler at its ends, as at I4. Il. it being pivoted in one of said recesses as at Il. The

intermediate portion l1 surrounds and conforms for example in Ii'ig-A It Will be..

to the surface of the knurled portion il of the body 50. We illustrate a knurled turning member 58. It will be understood, of course,that it may be made to receive a key, to correspond to the showing of Figure 3. Whereas we have described the roughened portions 6l, 52 as knurled, they may be roughened in any other suitable way.

A particularly important feature about the present device, is the ediciency of the locking means. It will be observed, as in Figure 1, that the link 8 is pivotedlto the lever 9 a substantial distance from its pivot point. Thereby, when the link and lever are moved into locking position a very substantial tension is put upon the link l and the blocks 4 and 4a are drawn very firmly together compressing the yielding members I3 and I3a between them.

A further feature of our device consists in the fact that the members I9 may be formed somewhat cupped, as shown in Figures 6 and 10, to conform generally tothe head of the subject.

We claim:

1. A protector for hair treatments, which includes two blocks, hinged together at one end, and locking means associated with the opposite ends oi the blocks for locking said locks together,

including a locking lever pivoted to one of said blocks, a link pivoted to said locking lever at a point spaced from said lever point and extending across the end of the other block, and a locking connection between said link and said other block.

2. A protector for hair treatments, which includes two blocks, hinged together at one end, and locking means associated with the opposite ends of the blocks for locking said locks together, including a locking lever pivoted to one of said blocks, a link pivoted to said locking lever at a point spaced from said lever point and extending across the end of the4 other block, and a locking connection between said link and said other block, and a manually engageable projection associated with said locking lever.

3. A protector for hair treatments, which includes two blocks, said blocks being pivoted to each other at one end, and being provided with opposed hair clamping members along their abutting side edges, and locking means for the opposite end of said blocks, said locking means, when in locking position, being located along the ends oi said blocks, whereby the side edges of the blocks are left free, said locking means including a lever pivoted to one of said blocks, a link pivoted to said lever a substantial distance from the axis of rotation ci the lever, and an abutment upon the opposite block, adapted to receive said link.

4. A protector for hair treatments, which includes two blocks, said blocks being pivoted to each other at one end, and being provided with opposed hair clamping members along their abutting side edges, and locking means for the opposite end of said blocks, said locking means, when in locking position, being located along the ends of said blocks, whereby the side edges of the blocks are left free, said locking means including a lever pivoted to one of said blocks, a link pivoted to said lever a. substantial distance from the axis of rotation of the lever, and an abutment upon the opposite block, adapted to receive said link, the pivotal connection between the link and the lever being, when the parts are in locking position, over dead center in relation to the pivot point of the lever, whereby the compression of the parts tends to hold the lever in locked position.

5. A protector for hair treatments, which in cludes two blocks, said blocks being pivoted to each other at one end, and being provided with opposed hair clamping members along their abutting side edges, and locking means for the opposite end of said blocks, said locking means, when in locking position, being located along the ends of said blocks, whereby the side edges of the blocks are left free, said locking means including a lever pivoted to one of said blocks, a link pivoted to said lever a substantial distance from the axis of rotation of the lever, and an abutment upon the opposite block, adapted to receive said link, said lever, when in locking position, extending along one end of the protector, and extending slightly beyond one outside edge of the protector.

6. A protector for hair treatments, which includes two blocks, said blocks being pivoted to each other at one end, and being provided with opposed hair clamping members along their abutting side edges, and locking means for the opposite end of said blocks, said locking means, when in locking position, being located along the ends of said blocks, whereby the side edges of the blocks are left free, said locking means including a lever pivoted to one of said blocks, a link pivoted to said lever a substantial distance from the axis of rotation of the lever. and an abutment upon the opposite block, adapted to receive said link, said lever, when in locking position, extending along one end of the protector, and extending slightly beyond one outside edge of the protector, the length of said lever being substantially les', than the total width oi the protector.

PIERRE ALBERT. GUSTAF WICKSTROMS 

